Who Was Gertrude Stein?
Gertrude Stein was a prolific American writer. She is probably known best for The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas; Four Saints in Three Acts, her opera collaboration with Virgil Thomson; the circle of friends (Picasso, Matisse, Hemingway, etc) who visited her home at 27 Rue de Fleurus in Paris and who she helped promote; and quotations such as: "rose is a rose is a rose" and "there is no there there."

When Did She Live?
Gertrude Stein was born February 3, 1874, in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now Pittsburgh). She died July 27, 1946, in Paris. She was buried in Pere LaChaise Cemetery in Paris.

What Did She Write?
Gertrude Stein wrote poetry, fiction, essays, memoirs, libretti, and plays. Her fiction included portraits of people and their essence (what she called Bottom Nature) in such work as The Making of Americans and Three Lives. She wrote varying kinds of fiction from children's story (The World is Round) to her murder mystery (Blood on the Dining Room Floor). Because her list of published work is overwhelmingly long, it's best if you check out her titles in a proper bibliography either in print or on the Web.

Why Should I Read Stein?
The question is not why one should read Stein but what will be missed in omitting her work from your list. Stein infuses joyful play into the English word. She brings back the oral tradition. She scats before it was invented by jazz singers. If you have been wondering where the fractured point of view now seen in contemporary stories and film comes from, try reading Stein. Stein took Picasso's Cubism (a figure seen from all angles at once) as a writing approach. You get various aspects of the same person or object in her writing. If you enjoy and welcome a large landscape of imagination and invention, Stein opens all these doors. If you just want to be the first person on your block to actually read Gertrude Stein, you can still be a pioneer. She may have killed the old writing ideas of the 19th century and brought in the 20th century, but her work is going to lead us through the entire 21st. In my opinion she writes in the style of the 4th Dimension. She just doesn't have an equal in what she accomplished.

What Is Her Writing Like?
Characteristic of her style is repetition, lack of literary allusion, deceptive simplicity, use of accessible vocabulary, odd juxtapositions of details, suspension of usual logic, contradiction, and words producing a meditative, hypnotic, and harmonic effect on the reader. One of her goals for her writing was to create the continuous present. She does this by using 'ing' words. Trained as a scientific researcher (she did her undergraduate studies under William James at Harvard/Radcliffe), her approach to writing is methodical and grounded to things and people most readers would be familiar with. Unlike other writers of her time, her work shows no alienation, no social judgment, no anger, no fear. As a writer Stein never manipulated her reader emotionally. What evolves from the play Stein creates with words is a Cubistic perspective that allows the reader to see more than one facet of an object or person with all its humor, tragedy, and contradictions.

What's the Best Way to Experience Stein?
Read her work out loud. Hear Stein read selections from her work. There is at least one recording of Stein reading short selections from some of her famous people portraits like Picasso and a short vignette from The Making of Americans. Get recordings of the Gertrude Stein/Virgil Thomson operas Four Saints in Three Acts and The Mother of Us All.

What Should I Read First?
Start slow and easy. Read The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. Stein plays more with the facts than the words in this work. Realize this is not what Stein's writing career was all about but it gives the reader a flavor of the antics she enjoyed in living. Follow this up with Picasso which is very accessible. Then dip into the long poems "Tender Buttons" and "Lifting Belly." Read all of The World is Round out loud to a child. For something serious, try Three Lives, particularly the story of Melanctha. If you want a book that takes full responsibility for introducing you to Stein, try Judy Grahn's Really Reading Stein.

What Biographies Should I Read?
There are many excellent biographies written about Gertrude Stein. I particularly liked The Third Rose by John Malcolm Brinnin, Charmed Circle by James R. Mellow, and Gertrude and Alice by Diana Souhami. If you love photos, check out Renate Stendhal's Gertrude Stein In Words and Pictures.

What Other Theater Has Been Done on Gertrude Stein?
Part of the process of convincing a publisher or theatrical producer to bring a creative work into public view is knowing what else has been done with your subject and what the pitfalls are. In the case of Gertrude Stein Invents A Jump Early On, an opera about the life and work of an American literary radical who remains more a notorious figure from our cultural history than a revered author, this question is an ongoing research project as new works appear in public limelight. Read Karren Alenier's essay on this topic at scene4.com.

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Web Links to Gertrude Stein

http://www.tenderbuttons.com/
If you want to ask questions about Gertrude Stein for research you are doing, this site offers a public forum you can join. People reading these questions are noted authors and scholars on Stein as well as graduate students. This site also has papers about Stein's work, theater and play information and some other good stuff. It looks like the site has not been worked on in a couple of years but what is there is worth taking a look at.

www.newcriterion.com/archive/16/may98/lyons.htm
From the archives of The New Criterion online, Donald Lyons essay "The Sense Of Gertrude Stein" presents a controversial view of Stein with lots of good examples from her work.

/www.bartleby.com/140/index.html
Read Tender Buttons on this web page.

www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap7/stein.html
This site has all sorts of odds and ends about Stein including a bibliography of her work and a bibliography of articles about her work. There is also a link to a page on Alice Toklas.

ellensplace.net/gstein1.html
The creator of this Web site combines photos and bio information that reads fluidly.

www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/readings.html
This is a student developed site with quotes, photos, paintings.

/www.geocities.com:0080/WestHollywood/Heights/7439/Stein.html
Here is a page by Duane Simolke, Ph.D., author of Stein, Gender, Isolation, & Industrialism. Lots of good links here.

www.sci.fi/~solaris/stein/steinbib.html
This page lists a bibliography of Stein's work with dates.

college.hmco.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/stein.html
A thoughtful essay on how to approach the writing and themes of Gertrude Stein by Cynthia Secor.

www.gertrudeandalice.com
Read about the 125th Birtthday Celebration of Alice B. Toklas in San Francisco & Paris.

college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/modern/stein_ge.html
A concise accounting of Stein's work and life from Houghton Mifflin's The Heath Anthology of American Literature.

www.americanpopularculture.com/journal/articles/spring_2003/mills.htm
An essay by Jean E. Mills published in Americana, the Journal of American Popular Culture 1900 to Present that says Stein's Four Saints in Three Acts is the precussor to Rap.

www.centerforbookculture.org/context/no6/williams.html
An essay by William Carlos Williams on Gertrude Stein.

www.renatestendhal.com/books/gertrude.htm
A photo biography of Gertrude Stein by Renate Stendhal.

www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,11711,1402262,00.html
Read about photos of original Four Saints In Three Acts singers going on exhibition at London's National Portrait Gallery. The photographer Lee Miller was Man Ray's lover.

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/15/theater/ 15jeff.html?hp&ex=1110949200&en=0b050628ca923cd2&ei=5059&partner=AOL
Read about Gertrude Stein, Modernism, and the Wooster Group's Stein piece based on Gertrude's third opera Dr. Faustus Lights the Lights. Alenier, Banfield, and Encompass New Opera Theatre are given a mention in this article.

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~english/faculty/will.html
Barbara Will is actively writing about Gertrude Stein. Her book Gertrude Stein, Modernism, and the Problem of "Genius" connects the dots with the sources that drove Stein for recogniztion. Check professor Will's list of work periodicaly to keep current on her activities.

http://www.ubu.com/sound/stein.html
Hear Gertrude Stein read from The Making of Americans and other shorter works.

New Links as of October 2008

http://vectors.usc.edu/thoughtmesh/publish/210.php
Read Karren Alenier's paper "Gertrude Stein: Medievalist, Futurist or Both" based on Stein's so called children's story To Do: A Book of Alphabests and Birthdays.