Who
Was Gertrude Stein?
Gertrude Stein was a prolific American writer. She is probably known
best for The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas; Four Saints
in Three Acts, her opera collaboration with Virgil Thomson; the
circle of friends (Picasso, Matisse, Hemingway, etc) who visited her
home at 27 Rue de Fleurus in Paris and who she helped promote; and quotations
such as: "rose is a rose is a rose" and "there is no there there."
When
Did She Live?
Gertrude Stein was born February 3, 1874, in Allegheny, Pennsylvania
(now Pittsburgh). She died July 27, 1946, in Paris. She was buried in
Pere LaChaise Cemetery in Paris.
What
Did She Write?
Gertrude Stein wrote poetry, fiction, essays, memoirs, libretti, and
plays. Her fiction included portraits of people and their essence (what
she called Bottom Nature) in such work as The Making of Americans
and Three Lives. She wrote varying kinds of fiction from children's
story (The World is Round) to her murder mystery (Blood on
the Dining Room Floor). Because her list of published work is overwhelmingly
long, it's best if you check out her titles in a proper bibliography
either in print or on the Web.
Why
Should I Read Stein?
The question is not why one should read Stein but what will be missed
in omitting her work from your list. Stein infuses joyful play into
the English word. She brings back the oral tradition. She scats before
it was invented by jazz singers. If you have been wondering where the
fractured point of view now seen in contemporary stories and film comes
from, try reading Stein. Stein took Picasso's Cubism (a figure seen
from all angles at once) as a writing approach. You get various aspects
of the same person or object in her writing. If you enjoy and welcome
a large landscape of imagination and invention, Stein opens all these
doors. If you just want to be the first person on your block to actually
read Gertrude Stein, you can still be a pioneer. She may have killed
the old writing ideas of the 19th century and brought in the 20th century,
but her work is going to lead us through the entire 21st. In my opinion
she writes in the style of the 4th Dimension. She just doesn't have
an equal in what she accomplished.
What
Is Her Writing Like?
Characteristic of her style is repetition, lack of literary allusion,
deceptive simplicity, use of accessible vocabulary, odd juxtapositions
of details, suspension of usual logic, contradiction, and words producing
a meditative, hypnotic, and harmonic effect on the reader. One of her
goals for her writing was to create the continuous present. She does
this by using 'ing' words. Trained as a scientific researcher (she did
her undergraduate studies under William James at Harvard/Radcliffe),
her approach to writing is methodical and grounded to things and people
most readers would be familiar with. Unlike other writers of her time,
her work shows no alienation, no social judgment, no anger, no fear.
As a writer Stein never manipulated her reader emotionally. What evolves
from the play Stein creates with words is a Cubistic perspective that
allows the reader to see more than one facet of an object or person
with all its humor, tragedy, and contradictions.
What's
the Best Way to Experience Stein?
Read her work out loud. Hear Stein read selections from her work. There
is at least one recording of Stein reading short selections from some
of her famous people portraits like Picasso and a short vignette from
The Making of Americans. Get recordings of the Gertrude Stein/Virgil
Thomson operas Four Saints in Three Acts and The Mother of
Us All.
What
Should I Read First?
Start slow and easy. Read The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas.
Stein plays more with the facts than the words in this work. Realize
this is not what Stein's writing career was all about but it gives the
reader a flavor of the antics she enjoyed in living. Follow this up
with Picasso which is very accessible. Then dip into the long
poems "Tender Buttons" and "Lifting Belly." Read all of The World
is Round out loud to a child. For something serious, try Three
Lives, particularly the story of Melanctha. If you want a book that
takes full responsibility for introducing you to Stein, try Judy Grahn's
Really Reading Stein.
What
Biographies Should I Read?
There are many excellent biographies written about Gertrude Stein. I
particularly liked The Third Rose by John Malcolm Brinnin, Charmed
Circle by James R. Mellow, and Gertrude and Alice by Diana
Souhami. If you love photos, check out Renate Stendhal's Gertrude
Stein In Words and Pictures.
What
Other Theater Has Been Done on Gertrude Stein?
Part of the process of convincing a publisher or theatrical producer
to bring a creative work into public view is knowing what else has been
done with your subject and what the pitfalls are. In the case of Gertrude
Stein Invents A Jump Early On, an opera about the life and work
of an American literary radical who remains more a notorious figure
from our cultural history than a revered author, this question is an
ongoing research project as new works appear in public limelight. Read Karren Alenier's essay on this topic at scene4.com.
Web Links to
Gertrude Stein
- http://www.tenderbuttons.com/
If you want to ask questions about Gertrude Stein for research you are
doing, this site offers a public forum you can join. People reading
these questions are noted authors and scholars on Stein as well as graduate
students. This site also has papers about Stein's work, theater and
play information and some other good stuff. It looks like the site has
not been worked on in a couple of years but what is there is worth taking
a look at.
- www.newcriterion.com/archive/16/may98/lyons.htm
From the archives of The New Criterion online, Donald Lyons essay "The
Sense Of Gertrude Stein" presents a controversial view of Stein with
lots of good examples from her work.
- /www.bartleby.com/140/index.html
Read Tender Buttons on this web page.
- www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap7/stein.html
This site has all sorts of odds and ends about Stein including a bibliography
of her work and a bibliography of articles about her work. There is
also a link to a page on Alice Toklas.
- ellensplace.net/gstein1.html
The creator of this Web site combines photos and bio information that
reads fluidly.
- www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/88/readings.html
This is a student developed site with quotes, photos, paintings.
- /www.geocities.com:0080/WestHollywood/Heights/7439/Stein.html
Here is a page by Duane Simolke, Ph.D., author of Stein, Gender,
Isolation, & Industrialism. Lots of good links here.
- www.sci.fi/~solaris/stein/steinbib.html
This
page lists a bibliography of Stein's work with dates.
- college.hmco.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/stein.html A
thoughtful essay on how to approach the writing and themes of Gertrude
Stein by Cynthia Secor.
- www.gertrudeandalice.com
Read
about the 125th Birtthday
Celebration of Alice B. Toklas in San Francisco & Paris.
- college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/modern/stein_ge.html A
concise accounting of Stein's work and life from Houghton Mifflin's
The Heath Anthology of American Literature.
- www.americanpopularculture.com/journal/articles/spring_2003/mills.htm An
essay by Jean E. Mills published in Americana, the Journal of American
Popular Culture 1900 to Present that says Stein's Four Saints
in Three Acts is the precussor to Rap.
- www.centerforbookculture.org/context/no6/williams.html An
essay by William Carlos Williams on Gertrude Stein.
New Links as
of August 2004